Antibiogram and Molecular Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Nigerian Teaching Hospital

Olabisi Promise Lawal; Joshua Odunayo Babatunde; Sandra Owusu-Ansah; Chinaemerem Precious Ani; Abiodun Christopher Adegbesan; Hajara Hashim; Jenifer Chiagozie Okeke; Nyerovwo Charity Okei; Aimuanmwosa Andrew Igunma; Daniel Osezuwa Ubebe; Kingsley Ugonna Ugoagwu; Okabeonye Sunday Agbo; Charissa Favour Ani

doi:10.54034/mic.e2305

Authors

Olabisi Promise Lawal Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5287-5999
Joshua Odunayo Babatunde Department of Medical Laboratory Science, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo state, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7690-4176
Sandra Owusu-Ansah Department of Biomedical Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7392-4770
Chinaemerem Precious Ani Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6769-4658
Abiodun Christopher Adegbesan Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
Hajara Hashim Department of Biological Sciences, Gombe State University, Tudun Wada, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5451-4226
Jenifer Chiagozie Okeke Department of Microbiology, Madonna University Elele, Rivers State, Nigeria. 8Department of Biological Sciences, University of Camerino, Italy https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0297-6152
Nyerovwo Charity Okei Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3978-4124
Aimuanmwosa Andrew Igunma Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8503-0981
Daniel Osezuwa Ubebe Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5576-6882
Kingsley Ugonna Ugoagwu Department of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5479-3012
Okabeonye Sunday Agbo Department of Applied Biology and Biotechnology, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Agbani, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3305-2649
Charissa Favour Ani College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Agbani Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1475-8097

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54034/mic.e2305

Keywords:

Klebsiella pneumoniae, Multidrug Resistance, Extended-spectrum-Beta-Lactamase, Molecular Profiling, Healthcare facilities, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative bacterium responsible for infections like urinary tract infections (UTIs) and is a leading cause of nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patients. Data on resistance profiles in Nigeria is limited. This study investigated the antibiogram and molecular characteristics of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae at the University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Ondo State. Methods: A cross-sectional study analyzed 300 samples from urine, sputum, and wound infections. Isolates were cultured on MacConkey agar, followed by biochemical tests. The Kirby-Bauer method assessed resistance, and the double-disk synergy test confirmed ESBL production. PCR identified blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes. SPSS was used for statistical analysis (P < 0.05). Results: Of 300 samples, 185 showed bacterial growth, with 54 confirmed as Klebsiella pneumoniae. Among these, 22 were multidrug-resistant (MDR), and 8 (14.8%) were ESBL producers. The blaTEM gene was present in all ESBL isolates, and the blaSHV gene in 7 of 8 (87.5%). Resistance to β-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides was high. Older patients and prolonged hospital stays correlated with higher MDR rates. A slight female predominance was noted. Conclusions: The high prevalence of MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae highlights the need for enhanced surveillance and deeper understanding of resistance patterns in the region.

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