Haematological Alterations and CD4+ Count in Patients with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV coinfection in Adamawa, Nigeria

James Hamuel Doughari; Isaiac Kadala; Fatima Hamza

doi:10.54034/mic.e2286

Authors

James Hamuel Doughari Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Modibbo Adama University, PMB 2076, Yola, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6048-7602
Isaiac Kadala Department of Public Health, Adamawa State Ministry of Health, Yola, Nigeria
Fatima Hamza Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Modibbo Adama University, PMB 2076, Yola, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54034/mic.e2286

Keywords:

CD4+ count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, GeneXpert, Haemoglobin, hematological, Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Abstract

Objective: Tuberculosis remains a significant public health concern as a communicable disease. This study investigated CD4+ counts and hematological parameters in patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods: M. tuberculosis detection was performed using GeneXpert MTB/RIF, while CD4+ counts and hematological parameters were analyzed using BD FACS Count and SYSMEX, respectively. Results: Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain L-form, M. tuberculosis strain H83, and M. tuberculosis strain bj were identified in all hospitals surveyed. The mean CD4+ count was significantly lower in M. tuberculosis-positive patients (521.4 ± 2.3) compared to the healthy control group (936 ± 0.43) (p < 0.05). Conversely, infected patients exhibited significantly higher mean leukocyte (18.3 ± 1.03 × 10⁹/L, p = 0.001) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (98.6 ± 21.00 mm/hr, p = 0.002) compared to controls (4.2 ± 06.3 × 10⁹/L and 8.7 ± 2.10 mm/hr, respectively). Mean hemoglobin levels were lower in infected patients (8.6 ± 2.30) than in controls (15.3 ± 0.01), whereas the mean platelet count was significantly higher in infected patients (602.1 ± 2.70, p = 0.001) compared to the control group (312 ± 2.02). Conclusion: A baseline assessment of immunohematological parameters should be conducted in all M. tuberculosis-positive patients before initiating anti-TB therapy. Additionally, public health education on reducing exposure to TB risk factors is essential.

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