Neurocysticercosis- An overlooked tropical disease

Abstract

Introduction. Background: Neurocysticercosis (NCC), a parasitic disease caused by the pork tapeworm Taenia solium (T. solium), is a significant public health concern in endemic countries. It is estimated to contribute to roughly 30% of all epilepsy cases and leads to chronic morbidity in nearly 70% of affected patients. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of anti-cysticercus antibodies to T. solium in individuals with recent-onset seizures. We employed two serological techniques: Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) and Enzyme-Linked Immuno Transfer Blot (EITB). Materials and Methods: A total of 100 serum samples were collected: 50 from patients experiencing recent-onset seizures (cases) and 50 from age-matched healthy controls. All samples were analyzed for the presence of anti-cysticercus antibodies to T. solium. Results: Among the 50 cases, EITB detected anti-cysticercus antibodies in six patients (12%), while ELISA identified antibodies in three patients (6%). Notably, only two cases tested positive using both EITB and ELISA. In the control group, one individual was seropositive by EITB, and none were positive by ELISA. Conclusion: This study underscores the critical role of implementing high-quality screening methods, employing a vigilant diagnostic approach, and taking prompt preventive measures to mitigate the burden of morbidity associated with NCC.