The investigation of the efficacy of the prodrug DDI-10 against Newcastle disease virus infection in young chicken

Suresh Karam Anandan; Lavanya  Rayapu; Subramanyam  Darasi; Rani Prameela Devalam; Naga Raju Chamarti; Thirunavukkarasu  Chinnasamy; Lokanatha Valluru

doi:10.54034/mic.e1333

Authors

Suresh Karam Anandan Dravidian University, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7276-8703
Lavanya Rayapu Dravidian University, India
Subramanyam Darasi Dravidian University, India; Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, USA
Rani Prameela Devalam Sri Venkateswara Veterinary University Campus, India
Naga Raju Chamarti Sri Venkateswara University, India
Thirunavukkarasu Chinnasamy Pondicherry University, India
Lokanatha Valluru Dravidian University, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3592-8904

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54034/mic.e1333

Keywords:

Newcastle disease virus, oxidative stress, phosphorylated compound, Glutathione

Abstract

Introduction. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is the deadliest virus in the poultry industry. Many RNA viruses induce oxidative stress on the host during its pathogenesis, NDV being one among them. The present study aims to evaluate the protective property of novel phosphorylated DDI-10 in vivo in experimentally infected chicken. Material and methods. NDV induced oxidative damage in the liver and lung were measured by determining antioxidant enzyme levels, protein oxidation and nitration using ELISA, Western blot and immuno co-localization assay. Results. Glutathione dependent enzymes GPx, GST, and GR were significantly decreased in the NDV infected group due to pathogenesis; DDI-10 treatment was shown to significantly increase this reduced enzyme activity. In comparison to the healthy control group, protein oxidation and nitration levels were significantly increased in the NDV infected group. In the DDI-10 treated group, the oxidation and nitration levels were decreased compared to the NDV infected group. Further estimation of protein nitration and oxidation in western blot and immune co-localization assays correlated with the ELISA results; an intensified band was demonstrated in the NDV infected tissue group, in addition to a high number of co-localized cells being present in immunofluorescence-stained sections compared to control chicken tissues. These alterations were noticeably reduced in novel phosphorylated DDI-10 treatment group. Conclusions. These results suggest that DDI-10 mitigates NDV induced oxidative stress, subsequently exerting an ameliorative effect against NDV pathogenesis.

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